Linux

Usefull Programms (Nice To Have)

Wireshark (Network analysing tool)
HexChat (IRC-Chat with filetransfering capabilities)
irssi (IRC-Clinet CLI)
IntelliJ (IDE)
MySQL Workbench
krita (raster graphics editor)
shotcut (video editing)
dc or bc (CLI-Calculator)
lynx (CLI-Browser without Graphics)

Watch Star Wars over IPv6

telnet 2001:980:ffe:1::42

Check Memory usage

smem -t -P firefox

Check Occupied Storage Space

Whole Disk

df -h

In Folder

du -h | sort -h -r

Over whole Filesystem (fast)

ncdu

Check how many files are in subfolders

find . -type f -printf '%h\n' | cut -d/ -f2 | sort | uniq -c | sort -n
-maxdepth 2 # Can be added to only list files in direct subfolder, instead of recursive files in all folders

Show Hardware Info

sudo lshw -short

Monitor CPU-Clock Speed

watch -n1 "cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "^[c]pu MHz""

Find out OS Version

cat /etc/*-release
lsb_release -a

Find out Processor Architecture

lscpu

Find out NIC-Speed

sudo ethtool eth0 | grep Speed

Find out MAC-Addresses of Network Devices

ping <IP-Address of Target>
arp -a

ping -I eth0 fe80::...:

Create Password in Shell

date +%s | sha256sum | base64 | head -c 32 ; echo

Interact with date in CLI

$(date "%d-%m-%Y_%H-%M-*" -d "-20 minutes")
$(date "%d-%m-%Y_%H-%M-%S" -d "-20 minutes")

Distributed Computing

BOINC

Setup:

cd /var/lib/boinc-client
boinccmd --project_attach https://milkyway.cs.rpi.edu/milkyway/ <secret_key>
boinccmd --project_attach https://einsteinathome.org/ <secret_key>
boinccmd --project_attach https://setiathome.berkeley.edu/ <secret_key>
boinccmd --project_attach https://boinc.bakerlab.org/rosetta/ <secret_key>
boinccmd --get_state

Disallow more Work:

boinccmd --project https://milkyway.cs.rpi.edu/milkyway/ nomorework
boinccmd --project https://einsteinathome.org/ nomorework
boinccmd --project https://setiathome.berkeley.edu/ nomorework
boinccmd --project https://boinc.bakerlab.org/rosetta/ nomorework

Allow more Work:

boinccmd --project https://milkyway.cs.rpi.edu/milkyway/ allowmorework
boinccmd --project https://einsteinathome.org/ allowmorework
boinccmd --project https://setiathome.berkeley.edu/ allowmorework
boinccmd --project https://boinc.bakerlab.org/rosetta/ allowmorework

Abort specific Task:

--task URL task_name abort

FAH (Folding at Home)

--user=<user_name> --team=<team_id> --passkey=<secret_key> --gpu=false --smp=true

Record Streams/Mediathek aufnehmen

ARD

ffmpeg -i "https://dasersteuni-vh.akamaihd.net/i/int/2018/11/16/2ee8249b-c8f0-4a25-b8ac-260bd7caba5a/,640-3,512-3,1280-3,320-3,960-3,480-3,.mp4.csmil/index_2_av.m3u8?null=0" -bsf:a aac_adtstoasc -c copy "tatortTreibjagd.mp4"

ZDF

ffmpeg -i "http://zdfvoddach-vh.akamaihd.net/i/meta-files/3sat/smil/m3u8/300/18/11/181119_weit_film/3/181119_weit_film.smil/master.m3u8" -c copy "video.mp4"

Funk.net

ffmpeg -i https://funk-02.akamaized.net/22679/files/21/06/11/3409640/22679-vhDVH6jMpQC2Yf3.ism/manifest.mpd -codec copy out.mp4

Twitch Recording

Required:

vlc
streamlink

streamlink https://www.twitch.tv/rocketbeanstv best

or

streamlink --output /home/<user>/Videos/twitchCapture.mp4 https://www.twitch.tv/rocketbeanstv best

streamlink --output /home/<user>/Videos/youtubeCapture.mp4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3n0wLkXpoI best

Note

Bei YouTube Downloads muss *–demux=ffmpeg* bei der wiedergabe mit vlc gesetzt werden.

Audio editing

split cue file

sudo apt install shntool cuetools flac wavpack

shntool split -f *.cue -o flac -t '%n - %p - %t' *.ape shntool split -f *.cue -o flac -t '%n - %p - %t' *.flac

or

shntool split -f <cue-File>.cue -o flac -t '%n - %p - %t' <flac-File>.flac

flac to mp3

ffmpeg -i title.flac -qscale:a 0 title.mp3

for f in *.flac; do ffmpeg -i "$f" "mp3/${f%.flac}.mp3" ; done

mkv to mp3

ffmpeg -i *.mkv -b:a 320K -vn title.mp3

Mappings for “page up” and “page down” to search in history

sudo vi /etc/inputrc

"e[5": history-search-backward
"e[6": history-search-forward

Note

To take immediate Effect run: exec bash -l

rdesktop

rdesktop -u <user> <IP/NameOfServer> -g 1920x1040 -r clipboard:[off|PRIMARYCLIPBOARD|CLIPBOARD]

Hide Data in Images

http://domnit.org/blog/2007/02/stepic.html

Change Color of PDF-Text for semi-working printers… ;)

convert -density 300 test.pdf -fuzz 10% -fill blue -opaque black result.pdf

Shred Drive/HDD

shred -vfz -n 5 /dev/sdX

Check S.M.A.R.T-Info

Note

Install with sudo apt install smartmontools

sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdb

Search for file

find . -name *foo*

or

sudo apt install mlocate
sudo updatedb
locate <search_string> (Case Sensitive)
locate -i <search_string> (Case Insensitive)

Search inside file

grep -nHo "search" * # Display filename and line-number

Rip Movies

http://www.videolan.org/developers/libdvdcss.html
Release downloaden und als sudo config und make ausführen (Siehe INSTALL) Handbreak (per apt installieren) Mit Handbreak DVD rippen (selbserklärend)

Sokoban

Next Level to play: 16
dosbox (Alt Return = Fullscreen)
mount c ./Downloads/Sokoban
c:
skb.exe
U = Undo, L = Leave, P = Pause Remapping the keyboard and joystick

When you start the mapper (either with CTRL-F1 or -startmapper as a commandline argument to the DOSBox executable)

vim

save file: ‘:w’
quit editing: ‘:q’
search for pattern: ‘/<pattern>’
search for a pattern without case: ‘/c<stringToSearch>’
repeat search in same direction: ‘n’
repeat search in oposite direction: ‘N’
replace ‘old’ with ‘new’ ‘:%s/old/new/g’
‘:%s/ //g’

Create Bootable USB-Stick

sudo dd if=<ISO-File> of=/dev/sdX status=progress

Mount Drive on Boot

Hard-Drive

Get the blockid with blkid

Edit /etc/fstab and insert the follwing:

UUID=<uid-got-from-blkid> <path-to-mount> <filesystemtype (auto,ntfs,ext4)> rw,user,auto,errors=continue 0 0

Test with sudo mount -a

sshfs

Note

If no SSH-Key exists, run ssh-keygen -o -a 100 -t ed25519 -f ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 -C “<comment for this key>” foolowed by cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh <user>@<domain/ip> ‘cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys’

To test mounting the remote drive:

sudo sshfs -o IdentityFile=/home/tidoni/.ssh/id_rsa,allow_other,default_permissions <user>@<domain/ip>:/media/Data/ /mnt/NeoPI/

Set in /etc/fstab

sshfs#<user>@<domain/ip>:/media/Data/ /mnt/NeoPI/ fuse default_permissions,allow_other,IdentityFile=/home/tidoni/.ssh/id_rsa 0 0

Hint

to test the inserted mount command run mount -a

Execute Command for multiple files

for f in *; do cp "$f" "foo/$f" ; done

Rename all files in folder

for file in *; do mv "$file" `echo $file | sed 's/ /./g'` ; done

pdftk

Split a PDF file:

pdftk fileToSplit.pdf burst

or .. code-block:: bash

pdftk source.pdf burst output source-%d.pdf

Merge multiple PDF files:

pdftk firstFile.pdf secondFile.pdf thirdFile.pdf ... output mergedFile.pdf

Hint

Use *.pdf to merge all PDF-Files in the current Folder

Console shortcuts

Resize or Move Consol with Alt + F5-F8

Networking

Find devices in Subnet

nmap -sP <ip_Address>/<size_of_Subnet>

nmap -sP 192.168.178.0/24

nmap -p- <domain>

Showing local (open)Ports

nmap -sT -O localhost

RSYNC

rsync -av -r -e 'ssh -p <port>' <local_Folder> <user>@<remote_Domain_or_IP>:<remote_Path>

Autostart programm on startup

Insert command into /etc/rc.local

sudo vim /etc/rc.local

Show running processes atteched to terminal

jobs
ps

Data rescue/recovery

Create 1 to 1 image of drive:

dd if=<device to be imaged/copied> of=<where to put image>

If the drive is having physical problems:

ddrescue <device to be imaged/copied> </example/path/rescue.img> </example/path/rescue.map>

From https://www.gnu.org/software/ddrescue/manual/ddrescue_manual.html:

-r n

–retry-passes=n

Exit after the given number of retry passes. Defaults to 0. -1 means infinity. Every bad sector is tried only once in each pass. The direction is reversed after each pass. To retry bad sectors detected on a previous run, you must specify a non-zero number of retry passes. A command like ‘ddrescue -f -r-1 /dev/sdcard /dev/null mapfile’ can be used to read repeatedly until the device controller succeeds and remaps the bad sectors internally.

Hint

<device to be imaged> could be ‘/dev/sdf’ for usb stick or ‘/dev/sda’ for first hard drive <where to put image> ‘./someFolder/recover.image’

Try to extract files from image/partition

photorec [/log] [/debug] [/d recup_dir] [device|image.dd|image.e01]

Photo conversion

Tiff in jpg

Move to folder containing tif images, create jpg folder if not exist (mkdir jpg)

for f in *.tif;
do
   echo "Converting $f";
   convert "$f" "jpg/$(basename "$f" .tif).jpg";
done

Manjaro setup xrp

yay -S xrdp

OBS Camera streaming

sudo modprobe v4l2loopback
sudo obs

Tools → v4l2sink /dev/video2 YUV420 starten

CLI View Network Traffic (Slurm)

slurm -z -s -d 1 -i <Your-Network-Interface>

Refresh time from ntp

sudo ntpdate pool.ntp.org

Setting to sync time automatically

timedatectl set-ntp yes

Create NFS (Network File System)

Install on Host:

sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server

sudo mkdir /<path>/<to>/<dir> -p
sudo chown nobody:nogroup /<path>/<to>/<dir>

sudo vim /etc/exports

/<path>/<to>/<dir>    <ip-address_of_receiver>(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)

sudo systemctl restart nfs-kernel-server
sudo systemctl enable nfs-kernel-server

To Mount Drive on IRC-Client

Install on Client:

sudo apt install nfs-common

sudo mount <ip-address_of_host>:/<path>/<to>/<dir> /<path>/<where>/<to>/<mount>

/etc/fstab

<ip-address_of_host>:/<path>/<to>/<dir>    /<path>/<where>/<to>/<mount>   nfs auto,nofail,noatime,nolock,intr,tcp,actimeo=1800 0 0

Libs (Updates the necessary links for the run time link bindings)

sudo ldconfig

Run command for sequence (1…10)

for i in $(seq 1 10);
do
   echo $i
done

Use Laptop as server

Do nothing on lit closed For 13.10 - 21.10:

To disable Ubuntu doing anything closing the laptop lid:

Open the /etc/systemd/logind.conf file in a text editor as root, for example,

If HandleLidSwitch is not set to ignore then change it:

HandleLidSwitch=ignore

Make sure it’s not commented out (it is commented out if it is preceded by the symbol #) or add it if it is missing.

Restart the systemd daemon (be aware that this will log you off) with this command:

sudo systemctl restart systemd-logind

or, from 15.04 onwards:

sudo service systemd-logind restart

Setup SWAP on Linux

swapon --show
free -h

sudo fallocate -l 8G /swapfile
sudo chmod 600 /swapfile
sudo mkswap /swapfile

sudo swapon /swapfile
swapon --show

Make SWAP permanent in fstab

sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.back

Edit /etc/fstab and add

/swapfile none swap sw 0 0

or run

echo '/swapfile none swap sw 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab

Adjust swappiness

The swappiness parameters specifies how often the swap space is beeing used. The value can be between 0 and 100. Higher value means the swap space will be used more often.

The default swappiness in Desktop PCs is 60 (Ubuntu) while in server it is 1.

You can check the swappiness with the following command:

cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness

Because swap is slower than RAM, in servers this value is small, so the RAM gets used as much as possible, befor falling back to swap.

You can change the swappiness on a live system with the following command:

sudo sysctl vm.swappiness=25

To make the change permanent, change the /etc/sysctl.conf and add the swappiness value to the end of the file:

vm.swappiness=25

Setup a second Network(card)

Check Hardware and current configuration

ip a
sudo lshw -class network

Create a new file under /etc/netplan/... with the settings for the new network.

network:
  ethernets:
    <device-name>:
      addresses:
      - <ip-address>/<subnet>
      gateway4: <gateway-ip-address>
      nameservers:
        addresses:
        - <dns1-ip-address>
        - <dns2-ip-address>
        search:
        - <search-domain>
   version: 2

Test config by running

sudo netplan apply

The second network may not have a gateway or dns-servers, depending on the particular setup.

Show Network/DNS Settings

nmcli dev show

Send Mail using Relay-Host

edit /etc/postfix/main.cf insert relayhost = <your_mail_host> restart postfix /etc/init.d/postfix force-reload

In a Windows Mail Environment goto exchange controll panel (https://<your_exchange_server>/ecp/); there go to Nachrichtenfluss -> empfangsconnectors and add your server to the noAuthenticate Groupe.

Kali

Find WiFi-Key

sudo wifite --kill
sudo wifite --kill --dict <wordlist.txt> --no-wps --no-pmkid

Find key of ZIP

zip2john <zipFile> > <writeHere.hash>
john <writeHere.hash> --wordlist=<wordlist.txt>

Scan Wordpress installation for a vulnerability

wpscan

Vergrößern der VM LVM Festplatte OHNE NEUSTART

sudo cfdisk

sudo growpart /dev/sda 3 # (Schau erst welche Partition vergrößert werden soll, hier SDA3)

sudo lvmdiskscan
sudo lvextend -l+100%FREE /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
sudo resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv

Linux

Usefull Programms (Nice To Have)

Watch Star Wars over IPv6

Check Memory usage

Check Occupied Storage Space

Whole Disk

In Folder

Over whole Filesystem (fast)

Check how many files are in subfolders

Show Hardware Info

Monitor CPU-Clock Speed

Find out OS Version

Find out Processor Architecture

Find out NIC-Speed

Find out MAC-Addresses of Network Devices

Create Password in Shell

Interact with date in CLI

Distributed Computing

BOINC

FAH (Folding at Home)

Record Streams/Mediathek aufnehmen

ARD

ZDF

Funk.net

Twitch Recording

Audio editing

split cue file

flac to mp3

mkv to mp3

Mappings for “page up” and “page down” to search in history

rdesktop

Hide Data in Images

Change Color of PDF-Text for semi-working printers… ;)

Shred Drive/HDD

Check S.M.A.R.T-Info

Search for file

Search inside file

Rip Movies

Sokoban

vim

Create Bootable USB-Stick

Mount Drive on Boot

Hard-Drive

Samba-Share

sshfs

Execute Command for multiple files

Rename all files in folder

pdftk

Console shortcuts

Networking

Find devices in Subnet

Showing local (open)Ports

RSYNC

Autostart programm on startup

Show running processes atteched to terminal

Data rescue/recovery

Photo conversion

Tiff in jpg

Manjaro setup xrp

OBS Camera streaming

CLI View Network Traffic (Slurm)

Refresh time from ntp

Create Samba-Share (public)

Create NFS (Network File System)

To Mount Drive on IRC-Client

/etc/fstab

Libs (Updates the necessary links for the run time link bindings)

Run command for sequence (1…10)

Use Laptop as server

Setup SWAP on Linux

Make SWAP permanent in fstab

Adjust swappiness

Setup a second Network(card)

Show Network/DNS Settings

Send Mail using Relay-Host

Kali

Find WiFi-Key

Find key of ZIP

Scan Wordpress installation for a vulnerability

Vergrößern der VM LVM Festplatte OHNE NEUSTART